KEKUASAAN DAN KEBAJIKAN: ANALISIS ETIKA KEPEMIMPINAN RAJA MENURUT KAUTILYA

Abstract

This study explores the concept of royal leadership ethics and the morality of power according to Kautilya in the Arthashastra, as well as its relevance to the modern Indonesian governmental system. The main objective of this study is to understand how Kautilya balances artha (power and prosperity) and dharma (morality and truth) as the foundation of a ruler’s political ethics. The analysis is conducted through three stages: (1) a description of the main concepts of leadership in the Arthashastra, (2) a critical examination of its strengths and weaknesses, and (3) a comparison with ethical and moral principles in Indonesia’s governance system, which is based on Pancasila and democracy. The results show that Kautilya’s political thought demonstrates strength in administrative efficiency, political strategy, and national security, but also reveals weaknesses due to its authoritarian and pragmatic tendencies. In the Indonesian context, Kautilya’s principles remain relevant when adapted to the values of transparency, accountability, and social justice. Therefore, the synthesis between moral virtue and effective power as taught by Kautilya can serve as a reflection for strengthening ethical leadership and governance in Indonesia.